Nepenthes eymae

Taxonomia

Familia:	Nepenthaceae
Jenasi:	Nepenthes
Agizo:	Caryophyllales

Muhtasari

Nepenthes eymae is a highland tropical pitcher plant endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia, where it grows at about 1,000 to 2,000 m. Its upper pitchers are shaped like wine glasses and hold an unusually thick, sticky fluid.

Nepenthes eymae is a climbing plant growing up to 8 m tall. Its leaves are oblong, up to 35 cm long and 12 cm wide, on leaf stalks usually up to 10 cm long.

Lower pitchers are egg-shaped to cylindrical, the largest traps the plant makes, up to 24 cm tall and 16 cm wide, with a pair of fringed wings and a glossy peristome that widens to over 5 cm at the back. Upper pitchers are smaller, up to 15 cm (6 in) tall: narrowly funnel-shaped in the lower part and then abruptly widening, which gives them their wine glass outline. Their lid is very narrow and spear-shaped, up to 8 cm long, often curled upwards with crinkled edges. Lower pitchers may be white, green, yellow, brown or red, often speckled red, with a dark peristome; upper pitchers are mainly yellow.

It belongs to the loosely defined N. maxima complex and is very closely related to N. maxima, from which it differs in its wingless, abruptly flared upper pitchers, its egg-shaped lower pitchers and its narrow lid. Most authors treat it as a distinct species, though some doubt this.

Taarifa za Kijiografia

Mkoa wa asili: Central and West Sulawesi, Indonesia (endemic)

Maeneo ya Hali ya Hewa: Tropical highland (1,000-2,000 m)

Nepenthes eymae grows in the mountains of Central Sulawesi, including the East Peninsula, and West Sulawesi, at 1,000 to at least 2,000 m and typically above 1,400 m. It usually grows on the ground, but may be epiphytic higher up. It has been recorded from heath forest, river banks, cliff faces, landslides and recovering logged forest, and towards the top of its range among the ridge and summit vegetation of upper montane forest. It grows in both shaded and exposed sites, but best in exposed ones. It occurs in Morowali Nature Reserve.

Sifa za Kimwili

Ukubwa Mzima: Climbs to 8 m; lower pitchers up to 24 cm, upper up to 15 cm (6 in)

Kiwango cha Ukuaji: Moderate

Aina ya Mtego: Pitfall Trap

Nepenthes eymae produces an extremely thick, mucilaginous fluid that coats the whole inside of the pitcher in a thin film. This is most marked in the upper pitchers, which must cope with the wind. They appear to work at least partly like flypaper: small flying insects stick to the inner walls above the fluid and gradually slide down to be digested. Peter D'Amato observed in 1993 that, in cultivation, the lower pitchers caught ants more successfully than the upper ones. A 2011 study classed the fluid as viscoelastic, like that of most highland species tested.

Mwongozo wa Utunzaji

Mahitaji ya Mwanga

In the wild it grows best in exposed sites. Bright, diffuse light is excellent, and artificial lighting can be adequate if it is bright enough.

Bright light year round; no seasonal rest kila siku

Mahitaji ya Maji

Aina: Purified water (distilled, reverse osmosis or rain) is safest

Mbinu: Water from above and let the excess drain. Do not keep the pot standing in a tray of water: plants sitting in trays often have dwarfed root systems.

Mzunguko: Often enough to keep the mix evenly moist

Unyevu: Very high: at least 60%, ideally near 90%

Udongo

A 50:50 mix of long-fiber sphagnum moss and perlite is a good general starting point. After about a year, knock the plant out of its pot and look at the roots; if they are not exploring the mix, try a different one.

pH: Acidic (sphagnum based)

Halijoto

Majira ya joto: Days 77-86°F (25-30°C), nights about 18°F cooler

Majira ya baridi: Same as summer; tropical, grows all year

Kulisha

Mzunguko: Optional; at most once or twice a month into the pitchers

Plants that catch insects need no feeding. Growers who want to fertilize can pour a small amount of orchid or epiphyte fertilizer into the pitchers once or twice a month, starting small and watching the effect. Fertilizing is optional.

Uenezi

Mbinu: Stem cuttings: cut green stems into segments with about two leaves each, trim each leaf to about a third of its size, set the lower half in the mix and keep the cutting at very high humidity. Roots usually form within about a month. Seed needs a male and a female plant flowering at the same time; it is short-lived and should be sown at once.

Ugumu: Moderate

Vidokezo vya Kompyuta

Treat it as a highland Nepenthes: bright light, high humidity, mild days and clearly cooler nights.

Kutatua matatizo

Leaf edges burning and tendrils failing to form pitchers: humidity too low. A small plant with a weak root system: the pot has been standing in water.

Vidokezo vya Kukua

Humidity makes the pitchers Troubleshooting

If tendrils stop forming pitchers, raise the humidity towards 90%.

Sticky fluid is normal General

Its pitcher fluid is naturally very thick and coats the inner wall; this is how the upper pitchers catch small flying insects.

Cool nights Advanced

A highland plant from about 1,000-2,000 m. Days of 77-86°F (25-30°C) and nights about 18°F (10°C) cooler suit it.

Mambo ya Kuvutia

It is named after the Dutch botanist Pierre Joseph Eyma, who discovered it in 1938.
Its upper pitchers are often described as wine glass shaped.
The hollow pitcher tube can continue a few centimetres up the tendril.
Two rival names were published four days apart in 1984; N. eymae has priority over N. infundibuliformis.
Most plants grown under the name N. eymae do not show the abruptly flared upper pitchers associated with it.
The IUCN Red List assessed it as Least Concern in 2018 (Clarke, assessment T39660A143960044).

History

Pierre Joseph Eyma discovered the species in central Sulawesi in 1938. Shigeo Kurata formally described it on 6 February 1984 in the Journal of the Insectivorous Plant Society, from a holotype collected on the north spur of Mount Lumut at 1,850 m in November 1983. He spelled it eymai, later corrected to eymae. Four days later John Turnbull and Anne Middleton published the same plant as N. infundibuliformis, which is now a synonym. The same two sets of authors also published competing names for N. glabrata and N. hamata. Neither set of type specimens has been located in a public herbarium.

Vyanzo

Maswali yaliyoulizwa mara nyingi

In the wild it grows best in exposed sites. Bright, diffuse light is excellent, and artificial lighting can be adequate if it is bright enough. Amua karibu Bright light year round; no seasonal rest ya nuru kwa siku.

Purified water (distilled, reverse osmosis or rain) is safest. Water from above and let the excess drain. Do not keep the pot standing in a tray of water: plants sitting in trays often have dwarfed root systems.

A 50:50 mix of long-fiber sphagnum moss and perlite is a good general starting point. After about a year, knock the plant out of its pot and look at the roots; if they are not exploring the mix, try a different one. Soil pH: Acidic (sphagnum based).

Halihitaji kupunguzwa kwa joto wakati wa majira ya baridi kali: Same as summer; tropical, grows all year.

Plants that catch insects need no feeding. Growers who want to fertilize can pour a small amount of orchid or epiphyte fertilizer into the pitchers once or twice a month, starting small and watching the effect. Fertilizing is optional. Mara nyingi: Optional; at most once or twice a month into the pitchers.

Central and West Sulawesi, Indonesia (endemic). Nepenthes eymae grows in the mountains of Central Sulawesi, including the East Peninsula, and West Sulawesi, at 1,000 to at least 2,000 m and typically above 1,400 m. It usually grows on the ground, but may be epiphytic higher up. It has been recorded from heath forest, river banks, cliff faces, landslides and recovering logged forest, and towards the top of its range among the ridge and summit vegetation of upper montane forest.

Orodha ya IUCN ya Shirika la Kupima Mafuta Huko INSUC inaipima kuwa Least Concern.

Stem cuttings: cut green stems into segments with about two leaves each, trim each leaf to about a third of its size, set the lower half in the mix and keep the cutting at very high humidity. Roots usually form within about a month. Seed needs a male and a female plant flowering at the same time; it is short-lived and should be sown at once.

Leaf edges burning and tendrils failing to form pitchers: humidity too low. A small plant with a weak root system: the pot has been standing in water.

Carnivoras huuza Nepenthes eymae nchini Mexico.