Nepenthes hamata

Tacsonamaidh

Teaghlach:	Nepenthaceae
Gnè:	Nepenthes
Òrdugh:	Caryophyllales

Sealladh farsaing

Nepenthes hamata is a highland pitcher plant endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia, where it grows at 1,400 to 2,500 m. Its peristome, ringed with long, hooked teeth like a set of curved daggers, is possibly the most developed in the genus.

Nepenthes hamata is a strong climber with a stem up to about 7 m long. Its thin, stalkless leaves are relatively short, 5 to 15 cm long on climbing stems.

Lower pitchers are made only for a short time before the plant becomes a scrambling vine. They are up to 18 cm tall, bulbous below and narrower above, with a pair of wings bearing long, branched fringe filaments. Upper pitchers are usually more elongated, 7 to 25 cm (3 to 10 in) tall. The rigid, glossy peristome is made of expanded ribs that end in long, sickle-shaped teeth curving into the mouth; at the neck the teeth can be dagger-like and up to 10 mm long. The teeth are often even longer on upper pitchers, and in some populations curve right outwards. The lid may carry hair-like 'tentacles' up to 20 mm long on its upper surface. Most populations are largely hairless.

It is very closely related to N. tentaculata, which shares the lid tentacles and general form but lacks conspicuous peristome teeth. It belongs to the Hamata group (section Tentaculatae) with N. glabrata, N. muluensis, N. murudensis, N. tentaculata and N. nigra, and occasionally hybridises with N. glabrata and N. tentaculata in the wild.

Fiosrachadh Cruinn-eòlasach

Roinn Dhùthchasach: Central Sulawesi, Indonesia (endemic), mainly the eastern part and East Peninsula

Sònaichean Gnàth-shìde: Tropical highland (1,400-2,500 m)

Nepenthes hamata grows terrestrially or as an epiphyte in lower and upper montane mossy forest and in scrub on mountain ridges and summits, at 1,400 to 2,500 m. In these habitats it experiences high humidity and often partial shade. Cheek and Jebb describe it on open ridge-tops, rooted in moss and climbing into trees. It is known from at least two protected areas, Lore Lindu National Park and Morowali Nature Reserve, and probably occurs on unexplored peaks.

Feartan Corporra

Meud Inbheach: Climbs to about 7 m; upper pitchers 7-25 cm (3-10 in) tall

Ìre Fàis: Moderate

Seòrsa Ribe: Pitfall Trap

The pitchers are pitfall traps with a well developed waxy zone inside. Nectar glands on the underside of the lid are sparse and tiny, only 0.1 to 0.2 mm across. The spur at the base of the lid may be simple or repeatedly branched.

Stiùireadh Cùraim

Riatanasan Solais

In the wild it often grows in partial shade. Bright, diffuse light is excellent, and artificial lighting can be adequate if it is bright enough.

Bright light year round; no seasonal rest làitheil

Riatanasan Uisge

Seòrsa: Purified water (distilled, reverse osmosis or rain) is safest

Modh: Water from above and let the excess drain. Do not keep the pot standing in a tray of water: plants sitting in trays often have dwarfed root systems.

Tricead: Often enough to keep the mix evenly moist

Taiseachd: Very high: at least 60%, ideally near 90%

Ùir

A 50:50 mix of long-fiber sphagnum moss and perlite is a good general starting point. After about a year, knock the plant out of its pot and look at the roots; if they are not exploring the mix, try a different one.

pH: Acidic (sphagnum based)

Teòthachd

Samhradh: Days 77-86°F (25-30°C), nights about 18°F cooler

Geamhradh: Same as summer; tropical, grows all year

A' biathadh

Tricead: Optional; at most once or twice a month into the pitchers

Plants that catch insects need no feeding. Growers who want to fertilize can pour a small amount of orchid or epiphyte fertilizer into the pitchers once or twice a month, starting small and watching the effect. Fertilizing is optional.

Iomadachadh

Modhan: Stem cuttings: cut green stems into segments with about two leaves each, trim each leaf to about a third of its size, set the lower half in the mix and keep the cutting at very high humidity. Roots usually form within about a month. Seed needs a male and a female plant flowering at the same time; it is short-lived and should be sown at once. Many cultivated plants were raised by tissue culture from wild-collected seed.

Duilgheadas: Moderate

Molaidhean airson Luchd-tòiseachaidh

Treat it as a highland Nepenthes: high humidity, bright but diffuse light, and nights clearly cooler than days.

Fuasgladh dhuilgheadasan

Leaf edges burning and tendrils failing to form pitchers: humidity too low. A small plant with a weak root system: the pot has been standing in water.

Molaidhean airson Fàs

Humidity makes the pitchers Troubleshooting

Burned leaf edges and pitcherless tendrils usually mean the air is too dry.

Patience for the teeth General

The longest, most dramatic teeth appear on the upper pitchers that form once the plant starts to climb.

Cool, humid highland conditions Advanced

It grows wild in mossy montane forest at 1,400-2,500 m. Give days of 77-86°F (25-30°C) and nights about 18°F (10°C) cooler.

Fiosrachadh Inntinneach

Hamata comes from Latin hamatus, hooked, after the peristome teeth.
Barry Rice calls it one of the most frightening plants in the genus.
Until about 1996 plants sold for roughly US$300-400 each, which encouraged wild collection.
Tissue culture by Malesiana Tropicals from 1995 brought prices down sharply.
The 'red hairy hamata' found in 2005 was described in 2020 as a separate species, N. diabolica.
The IUCN Red List assessed it as Least Concern in 2018 (Clarke, assessment T40111A143967359).

Eachdraidh

Pierre Joseph Eyma collected the species on Mount Lumut in 1938. Shigeo Kurata recognised it among undetermined Sulawesi specimens at the Bogor herbarium in 1972, listed it as N. dentata in 1976, and published that name formally in 1984. In the same year John Turnbull and Anne Middleton described it as N. hamatus. Which name has priority depends on whether a preprint of their paper counted as publicly available, and has been debated; N. hamata became the more widely used name and is retained in all major monographs.

The species stayed very rare in cultivation until around 1996. From 1995 Ch'ien Lee ran a propagation programme at Malesiana Tropicals in Sarawak, raising wild-collected seed in tissue culture, and by 2001 the firm held over 500 plants, greatly reducing the incentive to collect from the wild.

Taighean-seallaidh

Ceistean a thèid a chur gu tric

In the wild it often grows in partial shade. Bright, diffuse light is excellent, and artificial lighting can be adequate if it is bright enough. Bi ag amas air timcheall air Bright light year round; no seasonal rest de sholas san latha.

Purified water (distilled, reverse osmosis or rain) is safest. Water from above and let the excess drain. Do not keep the pot standing in a tray of water: plants sitting in trays often have dwarfed root systems.

A 50:50 mix of long-fiber sphagnum moss and perlite is a good general starting point. After about a year, knock the plant out of its pot and look at the roots; if they are not exploring the mix, try a different one. pH na talmhainn: Acidic (sphagnum based).

Chan eil feum aice air dorchadas. Teòthachd an gheamhraidh: Same as summer; tropical, grows all year.

Plants that catch insects need no feeding. Growers who want to fertilize can pour a small amount of orchid or epiphyte fertilizer into the pitchers once or twice a month, starting small and watching the effect. Fertilizing is optional. Dè cho tric: Optional; at most once or twice a month into the pitchers.

Central Sulawesi, Indonesia (endemic), mainly the eastern part and East Peninsula. Nepenthes hamata grows terrestrially or as an epiphyte in lower and upper montane mossy forest and in scrub on mountain ridges and summits, at 1,400 to 2,500 m. In these habitats it experiences high humidity and often partial shade.

Tha an liosta dhearg IUCN ga mheas mar Least Concern.

Stem cuttings: cut green stems into segments with about two leaves each, trim each leaf to about a third of its size, set the lower half in the mix and keep the cutting at very high humidity. Roots usually form within about a month. Seed needs a male and a female plant flowering at the same time; it is short-lived and should be sown at once. Many cultivated plants were raised by tissue culture from wild-collected seed.

Leaf edges burning and tendrils failing to form pitchers: humidity too low. A small plant with a weak root system: the pot has been standing in water.

Bidh Carnivoras a’ reic Nepenthes hamata ann am Meicsiceo. Seall na planntaichean a tha ri fhaighinn air an duilleag seo.

Dealbhan de na planntaichean a bhios sinn a' reic

Ri fhaighinn airson a cheannach

Nepenthes hamata hybrids (to order)

$2,000MXN

≈ US$108.42

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Fuirich suas ris an fhiosrachadh as ùire Nepenthes hamata

Fo-sgrìobh gus molaidhean cùraim, stiùiridhean fàis agus ùrachaidhean sònraichte fhaighinn Nepenthes hamata agus lusan feòil-itheach eile.

Fo-sgrìobh don Chuairt-litir